Conditionals

Conditionals

• if, else, if-else-if, nested if
• booleans
• boolean operators -- and, or, not
• switch
• inline if

Condition.java

Deitel 4.1-4.7, 5.6, 5.7, 5.9

Classwork

Part A

 ☑ Create a class Taxpayer which has instance variables to store income, age, and marital status.

 ☑ Ensure that these cannot be set to unreasonable values. 

 ☑ In the toString, use an inline condition to determine whether a taxpayer is shown to be married, so that we might get results like

a taxpayer (37) making 87000.0    

or   

a married taxpayer (23) making 122000.0

Part B

We will use the following scheme for taxes:

• people pay
  • no tax on the first 10000 of taxable income they make
  • 15% tax on the money between 10000 and 35000,
  • 25% on the money between 35000 and 85000
  • 28% on the money between 85000 and 175000
  • 33% on the money between 175000 and 375000 and
  • 35% tax on money above 375000.

So if a taxpayer has $75000 taxable income, they would pay 25% on the amount over 35000, which is 40000, 15% on the amount between 10000 and 35000, which is 25000, and 0% on the remaining 10000.  So: 0%* 10000 + %15 * 25000 + 25% * 40000 is their total tax.  

 ☑ To your Taxpayer class add a method printTax(). In this method  determine tax paid by the Taxpayer as follows:

(You may break this process up into multiple methods if you already feel comfortable doing so.)

Do not lose the values of your instance variables in the process of doing calculations!  Do not add extra instance variables!

☑ First use if and else to determine which is the highest tax bracket they must pay in and use an int (or char or String) to record this. 

☑ Then use a switch statement on this value and take advantage of falling through multiple cases to actually compute the amount of tax, telling the user how much of their money was in each bracket and how much tax they paid for that bracket as they go.

• If they pay in a higher bracket, they will also have to pay in lower brackets, so think about what order you do your brackets in so they will fall through correctly
• For each bracket, you need to figure out how much of the income is within that bracket (over the minimum for the bracket) and figure out the tax on that using this bracket's percentage
• As they fall through brackets, you will have to keep adding the current bracket's tax onto the total tax to pay
• Remember that once they have paid tax on a chunk of money in a higher bracket, they are done paying tax on that money entirely, so when they fall to the next bracket, the amount of income they still have tax to pay on has decreased.

(There are other ways to solve this problem, but for this classwork you will only get credit for taking advantage of fallthrough)

So for instance if a taxpayer makes 88000 printTax might print

You had $3000.0 in the 28% bracket, on which you paid $840.0
You had $50000.0 in the 25% bracket, on which you paid $12500.0
You had $25000.0 in the 15% bracket, on which you paid $3750.0
You had $10000.0 in the 0% bracket, on which you paid $0.0
From an income of $88000.0 you owe $17090.0 tax and your remaining income is $70910.0

 ☑ In a separate main program, create several Taxpayer objects with different values for their instance variables, and for each use printTax to show their tax situation.  

[EC]

• A tax exemption reduces the amount of income that is taxable.  So if you make $46000 but have a $5000 tax exemption, then you are taxed as if you made $41000.  Single people get a tax exemption of $5000, and married people get $8000. 
• persons up to age 12 get an extra tax exemption of $1000, and persons over 65 get the same.

So if a single 30 year old makes 80000 the exemption would mean they have $75000 taxable income, on which they would pay 25% on the amount over 35000, which is 40000, 15% on the amount between 10000 and 35000, which is 25000, and 0% on the remaining 10000.  So: 0%* 10000 + %15 * 25000 + 25% * 40000 is their total tax.  

☑ In printTax, first determine how much of the income is taxed by subtracting out any exemptions that apply (remember not to break your instance vars!!).  Only use the taxed income when determining brackets and taxes.  Display the taxed income to the user in the output.

So for instance if a single 30 year old makes 93000 you might print

Your taxed income: $88000.0
You had $3000.0 in the 28% bracket, on which you paid $840.0
You had $50000.0 in the 25% bracket, on which you paid $12500.0
You had $25000.0 in the 15% bracket, on which you paid $3750.0
You had $10000.0 in the 0% bracket, on which you paid $0.0
From an income of $93000.0 you owe $17090.0 tax and your remaining income is $75910.0