package inputoutputexample;
import java.util.Scanner;

// examples of input output
public class InputOutputExample {

    public static void formatNums() {
        int i1 = 10;
        int i2 = -20;
        double d1 = 5.50;
        double d2 = -7.700;
        String s1 = "a";
        String s2 = "The name of the book about which this book report is about is Peter Rabbit.";
                
        // println prints whatever string it is given
        // + happens first to concatenate, which implicitly
        // casts ints and doubles to String
        System.out.println(i1 + " " + d1 + " " + s1); // 10 5.5 a

        // printf uses the formatting string 
        // to determine how to print the other arguments
        // %d is placeholder for int
        // %f is placeholder for double or float
        // %s is placeholder for string
        // %n is newline
        System.out.printf("%d %f %s%n", i1, d1, s1); // 10 5.500000 a
        // extra arguments ignored
        System.out.printf("%d %f %s%n", i1, d1, s1, s2); // 10 5.500000 a
        // order of arguments matters
        System.out.printf("%d %d %f %f%n", i1, i2, d2, d1); // 10 -20 -7.700000 5.500000 
        
        // printf can control how many decimal places .n means n decimal places
        System.out.printf("%.1f %.10f%n", d2, d1); // -7.7 5.5000000000 
        
        //String.format uses the same formatting codes as printf
        // and returns a String
        System.out.println("money with two decimal places: $"+String.format("%.2f", d1));        
    }
    
    public static void getInput() {
        Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);

        // nextInt, nextDouble, and next 
        // just get data up to next space or new line
        // so if you enter multiple things on same line
        // the following line will get it
        // if you enter
        // 1 2.3 a b c d e
        // x will be 1
        // d will be 2.3
        // s will be a
        // ss will be "b c d e"
        System.out.println("Enter Int");
        int x = scan.nextInt();
        System.out.println("You said " + x);
        
        System.out.println("Enter Double");
        double d = scan.nextDouble();
        System.out.println("You said " + d);
        
        System.out.println("Enter String");
        String s = scan.next();
        System.out.println("You said " + s);
        
        System.out.println("Enter String");
        String ss = scan.nextLine();
        System.out.println("You said " + ss);
        
        // if you add a call to nextLine 
        // it will use up everything up to the next newline
        // anything there is thrown away
        System.out.println("Enter Int");
        x = scan.nextInt();
        scan.nextLine();
        System.out.println("You said " + x);

        System.out.println("Enter Double");
        d = scan.nextDouble();
        scan.nextLine();
        System.out.println("You said " + d);
        
        System.out.println("Enter String");
        s = scan.next();
        scan.nextLine();
        System.out.println("You said " + s);
        
        // if we want the whole String to the end of the line
        // eg if we want to include spaces
        System.out.println("Enter String");
        ss = scan.nextLine();
        System.out.println("You said " + ss);
      
        // Scanner has methods that detect whether there
        // is a token of the right type
        // hasNextInt
        // hasNextDouble
        // hasNext -- treats anything as a string
        System.out.println("Enter an Int or a String to quit");
        while (scan.hasNextInt()){
            x = scan.nextInt();
            System.out.println("You said " + x);            
            System.out.println("Enter an Int or a String to quit");
        }
        
        

    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        formatNums();
        getInput();
    }
    
}